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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN F. WILLEY, OF FREDONIA, YE7 YORK, ASSIGNOR TO I'IIMSELF, BENJAMIN F. MERRILL, AND THOHAS PHILLIPS.

EXCAVATOR.

Specicaton of Letters Patent No. 16,081, dated November 11, 1856.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN F. VILLEY, of Fredonia, in the county of Chautauqua and State of New York, have invented a new and Improved Excavator; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawings, making a part' of the specification, in which- Figure l is a side view of my improvement. Fig. 2 is a detached pla-n or side view of the scoop. Fig. 3 is a side view of ditto, the bottom slots being' open.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures.

My invention consists in forming the scoop of two parts connected by a oint, the bottom of the two parts being formed of slots which are allowed to turn. The scoop is suspended by chains to a cart, so that it may be raised bodily. By this arrangement will be presently shown and described the scoop, as the cart. moves along, may be filled .with but a small expenditure of power and its contents readily discharged from it.

To enable those skilled in the art to fully understand and construct my invention, I will proceed to describe it.

A, represents a horizontal rectangular frame, which is placed upon wheels B, and has shafts or thills C, attached to it the whole being arranged as an ordinary cart.

D, E, represent the two parts of the scoop. These parts are each formed of metal and are about the same width as the cart, the sides of the back part D, and also its back piece extend upward a suitable height. The front part 'E, has no back piece, but has sides equal in height to those of the back part. The bottoms of the two parts D, E, are formed of slots (a) the ends of which pass through the sides of the parts. The tenons at one end are bent upward and are fitted in plates (b) (Z2) to which levers F, are attached.

The front end (c) of the bot-tom of each part D, E, is stationary. Those ends are slightly curved downward and form shares.

The front end of the part D, is connected by links (CZ) (d) to the back part of the part E, and the two parts are suspended by chains (e) to the frame A.

To each side of the scoop a vertical rack Gr is attached. These racks pass up through the side pieces of the frame A, and gear into pinions (c) which are placed on t-he end of a shaft H fitted transversely on the frame A.

A chain I is attached to the front end of the part E of the scoop. Said chain passes over the top of the frame A, and is attached to a winch J, at the back end of the frame A, see Fig. l.

The operation is as follows: The scoop is lowered so that the share (c) of the back part, D, may penetrate the earth, and the front end of the part E, is raised and retained in an elevated position by the chain, I, which is wound up by the winch J, see Fig. l. As the cart moves along the earth passes into the part D of the scoop. IVhen this part is filled, the front end of the part- E is lowered by unwindingthe chain I, the part E being brought on a level with the part, D, as shown by dotted lines in Fig. l. The part E is then filled. The scoop is then raised bodily upward by turning the shaft H, by means of a lever K, having a pawl L attached, which pawl catches into one of the pinions (c). The scoop being thus elevated perfectly free from the ground the imple-- ment is drawn to the desired place and the scoop delivered of its contents by turning the slots (a) in a vertical, or nearly vertical position by moving the levers F, see Fig. 3.

The advantage of the above improvement is that the scoop requires but little power to fill it, for as it is formed of two parts connected by a joint and each part filled separately, there is not a large quantity of earth to be forced back as itl lls. This is the objection to most excavators, viz., the power required to operate them, especially if large, is great. By my impro-vement a large scoop may be used and the draughtof the implement rendered comparatively light. The scoop also may be quickly emptied of its contents by merely turning the slots (a).

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is,

Forming the scoop of two parts D, E, connected by joints or links (el) (el) the bottom of the scoop being formed of slots (a) which are allowed to turn-the scoop being suspended to the cart, and the whole arranged as shown and described for the purpose specified.

JOHN F. VILLEY. Vitnesses:

IV. TUsoH, JAMES F. BUGKLEY.

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